Solar Photovoltaics by N.D. Kaushika Anuradha Mishra & Anil K. Rai

Author:N.D. Kaushika, Anuradha Mishra & Anil K. Rai
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

It may be noted that present-day modules are made from non-circular solar cells. Based upon the state and quality of silicon material three types of solar cells/modules have been produced and marketed. Mono-crystalline silicon solar cells have almost no defects and impurities. They have solar conversion efficiency of 15–17%. They are expensive to produce. Polycrystalline silicon cells/modules are slightly poorer grade monocrystalline silicon or semiconductor grade silicon. They exhibit white speckles on surface due to impurities. They are less expensive since simpler processes are involved in their production. They have solar conversion efficiency of 11–13%. Amorphous silicon cells/modules are made from amorphous silicon rather than silicon of crystal structure. They absorb light more effectively and are relatively thinner. They have lower conversion efficiency of 5–7%. However the reduced cost often overweighs reduced efficiency leading to a net increase in ratio of performance to cost.

Crystalline silicon modules are presently the dominant commercial product and deliver approximately 100–130 W/m2 at STC. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film modules , which are beginning to enter the market, require less material to produce than the thick crystalline products and so can be made less expensively. Today’s commercial a-Si modules deliver 40–50 W/m2 under full sun at STC. The modules are connected electrically in series and parallel to build arrays.

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